C – Introduction to Strings

String:

• String is a one-dimensional character array.
• String is a collection symbols (alphabets, digits and special symbols).
• Strings must be represented with double quotes.

Syntax:	Example:
char identity[size];	char name[20];

Memory representation:

• We can store only ‘n-1’ characters into an array of size ‘n’.
• Last character of every string is ‘\0’
• ASCII value of ‘\0’ character is 0.

String Format Specifier(%s):

• We use %s to read and display strings.
• To process character by character, we use %c specifier.

Program to display String:

#include<stdio.h> int main() {             char str[20] = “Hello” ;             printf(“%s all \n” , str);              return 0; }

We can display complete character array in single statement using %s:

#include<stdio.h> int main() {             char str[4] = {‘a’,’b’,’c’};             printf(“String is : %s\n” , str);               return 0; }

In C, duplicate strings get different memory locations:

== operator only compares the addresses of strings, hence following program outputs “Strings are not equal”

int main() {             char s1[10] = “abc”;             char s2[10] = “abc”;             if(s1==s2)                         printf(“Strings are equal \n”);             else                         printf(“Strings are not equal \n”);                     return 0; }