int( ) :
- It is pre-defined function
- It can convert input value into integer type.
- On success, it returns integer value
- On failure(if the input is not valid, raised error)
| >>> int(10) 10 >>> int(23.45) 23 >>> int(True) 1 >>> int(False) 0 >>> int(“45”) 45 >>> int(“python”) # Error : Invalid input |
Adding 2 numbers:
| print(“Enter 2 numbers :”) a = input() b = input() c = int(a)+int(b) print(“Sum :”,c) |
We can give the prompt directly while calling input() function.
| x = int(input(“First Num :”)) y = int(input(“Second Num :”)) print(“Sum : “,x+y) |
float() :
- converts the input value into float type.
- Raise error if the input is not valid.
| >>> float(2.3) 2.3 >>> float(5) 5.0 >>> float(True) 1.0 >>> float(“3.4”) 3.4 >>> float(“abc”) ValueError: could not convert string to float: ‘abc’ |
bool():
- Returns a boolean value depends on input value.
- boolean values are pre-defiend (True , False)
| >>> bool(True) True >>> bool(-13) True >>> bool(0.0013) True >>> bool(0) False >>> bool(“abc”) True >>> bool(” “) True >>> bool(“”) False >>> bool(False) False >>> bool(“False”) True |
str(): convert any input int string type.
| >>> str(3) ‘3’ >>> str(2.3) ‘2.3’ >>> str(True) ‘True’ |
bin(): Returns binary value for specified decimal value.
| >>> bin(10) ‘0b1010’ >>> bin(8) ‘0b1000’ |
Character System:
- File is a collection of bytes.
- Every symbol occupies 1 byte memory in File.
- Every symbol stores into memory in binary format.
- Symbol converts into binary based on its ASCII value.
- Character system is the representation of all symbols of a language using constant integer values.
- Examples are ASCII and UNICODE.
ASCII : (Americans Standard Code for Information Interchange)
- Represents all symbols 1 language using constants
- The range is 0 – 255
- A language is at most having 256 symbols.
- 1 byte range is (0-255) – 2^8 value
- Hence we represent a symbol using 1 byte memory.
| A-65 a-97 0-48 #-35 B-66 b-98 1-49 $-36 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Z-90 z-122 9-57 .. ___________________________________________ 26 + 26 + 10 + 150 < 256 symbols |
chr(): Return the symbol for specified integer value.
ord():Returns the integer for specified symbol.
| >>> chr(65) ‘A’ >>> chr(50) ‘2’ >>> ord(‘a’) 97 >>> ord(‘$’) 36 >>> ord(‘1’) 49 |